Must a Tenant Pay For the Normally Expected Damage?

Normal Wear and Tear Is Reasonably Expected and Beyond the Responsibility of a Tenant.

Similar Questions About Liability for Damage By Tenant Include:

  • Does the Tenant or Landlord Pay for Damage Caused By Normal Wear and Tear?
  • Who Pays to Repair Damage Due to Normal Wear and Tear?  Landlord or Tenant?
  • Can a Tenant Be Sued For Common Wear and Tear Damage?
  • When a Tenant Is Moving Out, Does the Tenant or the Landlord Pay for Normal Wear and Tear?
  • Who Pays For the Damage From Everyday Living?


Understanding That a Tenant Is Responsibile For Damage Only If Unduly Caused

Residential Lease Document Contrary to common beliefs, a tenant is without a legal responsibility to restore a rental unit into the same condition as existed when the tenant moved into the rental unit. Simply put, the law requires only that a tenant must repair, or pay to repair, any undue damage; and accordingly, damage reasonably expected to arise as the normal wear and tear of life, including paint scuffs, worn carpet, nail holes for hanging pictures or paintings, among other things, all as normal wear and tear, is beyond the responsibility of a tenant.

The Law
Defining Undue Damage

What constitutes as "due damage" may vary depending on the period of time of a tenancy whereby the level of normal wear and tear over ten years may be viewed as excessive wear and tear if such occurs in one year; however, it is commonly understood and expected by the law that worn carpet, nails in walls for hanging pictures, minor dings and dents requiring touch-ups, among other 'daily living' damage is normal and is beyond consideration as undue damage which may be the responsibility of the tenant.  This principle was stated clearly in the case of Doucette-Grasby v. Lacey, 2013 CanLII 95661 where it was stated:

43.  Despite any provisions in a lease such as are contained in Exhibit 1, the original lease in this case, a residential tenant is responsible for the repair of undue damage to the rental unit caused by the willful or negligent conduct of the tenant or persons she permits in the premises.  (Residential Tenancies Act, 2006, S.O.  2006, c.  17, s.  34) A tenant is not required to return the premises to the state they were in at the beginning of the tenancy.  A tenant is not liable for anything beyond ordinary wear and tear.  A tenant is responsible for undue damage.

44.  The use of the term undue damage implies that there exists a concept of due damage.  Due damage in my view includes ordinary wear and tear, and other things that any reasonable tenant would do while living in the house: hang a few pictures, rub up against the walls at times.

45.  Moreover, paint jobs do not last forever.  Paint gets worn off by traffic, it gets marred by the ordinary activities of daily living, it gets dirty and darkens from smoke or kitchen fumes, or it fades in sunlight.  The need to paint a house after at least 2.5 years of tenancy, as in this case, 1.5 years by the defendant and at least 1 year by the previous tenant, does not itself prove undue damage.  Indeed, it is in my opinion rather high-handed of the plaintiffs to demand a full interior paint job of the defendant when they didn’t even touch the place up before she moved in.  I appreciate that they have tried to exclude from the claim problems that existed before she moved in.  But they didn’t in their evidence exclude them all.  It is obvious to me that the two emails sent by Magnum before and after the defendant moved out were sent without regard to the documented condition of the house when she moved in.  Just about every room needed to be patched and painted when the defendant moved in, but she didn’t insist on that and it wasn’t done.  And the plaintiffs should hardly be surprised if they find that they need to paint the place after every two tenants.

Valuation Involves Compensation Without Betterment

Additionally, it is notable that where a tenant is deemed responsible for damage, the tenant should be responsible only for the cost to repair the damage to a state similar in quality, condition, and useful life, as existed prior to the damage.  The tenant is without a responsibility to provide a betterment or improvement to the landlord.  This principle was explained in the cases of C.O., et al v. E.H., TSL-37462-13 (Re), 2013 CanLII 50985 as well as C.P., et al v. L.D., CEL-71015-17 (Re), 2017 CanLII 93872 wherein it was said:

4.  The Tenant’s argument raises the issue of betterment.  The purpose of compensation is to put the Landlords in the position they were before the damage and not to make them better off. The Landlords will not be receiving a new floor in the sense of having the boards replaced. The floor will be refurbished and the sanding involved will actually reduced the useful life of the hardwood floor. Nonetheless, the best approach to the issue is to focus on “the reasonable cost of repairing the damage”. The damage cannot be repaired without sanding and finishing the living room and kitchen area and that is what the estimates obtained by the Landlords are for.  Had the damage not occurred, the Landlords could have waited for years before refinishing the floor.  They do not have to refinish the floor because of minor scratches. I find the lower estimate is the reasonable cost of repairing that damage because the Tenant should be responsible for the cost of an adequate repair job and not the best job, however expensive. Thus, The Landlords will incur costs of $2,768.50 to repair the damage. In any event, when taxes are factored in the quotes are not far apart.

35.  The reason depreciation is calculated in orders is to address the issue of betterment that might arguably apply when compensation is awarded for something new that replaces something damaged.  The purpose of compensation is to put landlords in the same position they were before the undue damage occurred and not to make them better off. 

Summary Comment

A landlord must expect that reasonable wear and tear will occur within a residential living space; and accordingly, the obligations upon a tenant to refrain from causing undue damage involve a meaning as something other than returning the rental premises to the state and condition as existed at the onset of the tenancy.  Damage that would be expected in the course of daily living fails to qualify as the undue damage for which a tenant may be liable.

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